Neo4j interview questions & Answers (2025)

It is one of the most popular open-source free NOSQL  Graph DBMS (database management system) developed by Neo4j, Inc. It written in Java and Scala..The development of Neo4j was started in 2003, it has been publicly available since 2007. The source code and issue tracking of Neo4j is available on GitHub, with support readily available on Stack Overflow and the Neo4j Google group.

Neo4J is written Java and Scala.

Neo4j, AllegroGraph, Oracle Spatial and Graph, Teradata Aster, ArangoDB, Graphbase, ThingSpan, Bitsy, HyperGraphDB, DEX/Sparksee, Titan, VelocityGraph, InfoGrid, Oracle NoSQL Database, OrientDB, Blazegraph, Weaver, Stardog, Sqrrl Enterprise, GraphDB, MapGraph, IBM System G Native Store, VertexDB, Cayley, Graph Engine, FlockDB, Grapholytic,Dgraph, Apache Giraph, Graph Story and Horton are some popular Graph Databases.

• For  Social Networks where data is highly connected.
• For creating Recommendation system in shopping websites.
• Algorithms used in pathfinding
• Data First Schema
• Schema Evolution

• Relationship  Materializing is done at creation time, which results in no penalties for complex runtime queries.
• Constant time traversals for relationships in the graph both in depth and in breadth due to efficient representation of nodes and relationships
• Compact storage and memory cache support for graphs which results efficient scale up and billions of nodes in one database on moderate hardware.
• Written on top of the JVM

MATCH (actor:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(movie:Movie)
WHERE movie.title STARTS WITH "T"
RETURN movie.title AS title, collect(actor.name) AS cast
ORDER BY title ASC LIMIT 10;

Files in Neo4j are stored in a persist storage.From Neo4j v3.x+ version all data related files are stored in data/databases/graph.db.

Further reading: https://neo4j.com/developer/kb/understanding-data-on-disk/

Neo4j is written using Java and Scala language and it is primarily a Graph DBMS and does not support SQL. Whereas MySQL is developed in C and C++ language and it is primarily a database model is Relational DBMS that supports SQL.

CQL (Cypher Query Language) is a declarative, SQL-inspired language for describing patterns in graphs visually using an ascii-art syntax.It allows us to state what we want to select, insert, update or delete from our graph data without requiring us to describe exactly how to do it.  “$”  prompt is used to run CQL commands in Neo4j.

Image source: https://neo4j.com/developer/cypher-query-language/

• Intuitive, using a graph model for Data representation.
• Reliable with full ACID transactions support.
• Durable and Fast.
• Massively scalable supports up to several billion of nodes/relationships/properties.
• Highly available, when distributed across multiple machines.
• Expressive, powerful, readable using Cypher graph query language.
• Fast with powerful traversal framework that supports high-speed query execution.
• Embeddable, with few small jar files.
• Simple accessible by convenient Rest interface or object oriented Java API’s.

You can access the Neo4J interface by clicking in the Desktop screen, then click Manage on your database.

You can store information on Graph in Neo4J Database with the help of given attributes:

• nodestore* Stores node related data from your graph.
• relationship* Stores data related to the relationships created and defined in your graph.
• property* Stores the key/value properties from your database.
• label* Stores index related label data from your graph.

Neo4J is widely used for

• Fraud detection
• Real-time recommendation engines
• Master data management (MDM)
• Network and IT operations
• Identity and access management (IAM)

An index in Neo4j can be created over property on any node that has been given a label with the help of CREATE INDEX ON statement, such that once an index is created, Neo4j will manage it and keep it up to date whenever the database is changed.

You can use the SET clause to update or add a property in the existing Neo4J relationship.

Neo4j CQL is a query language for Neo4j Graph Database. Is a declarative pattern-matching language which follows SQL like syntax that is very simple and is in a human-readable format
Below are some Neo4j CQL command
CREATE,MERGE,SET,RETURN,START,LOAD CSV,REMOVE,CREATE UNIQUE,UNWIND,UNION,CALL